She, her grandson, Henry (son of her own son Henry), and Exeter's son were held together and supported by the king. Her mother, Isabel, daughter of the above-mentioned "King-maker," died 22nd December, 1476, and her father in the Tower nearly two years later. As a boy, More spent some time in the household of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury. Margarets husband Richard died in 1504, leaving her with five young children and very little land or money. He badgered Katharine ceaselessly. Mr Buxton has returned to live quietly in Cranford following . EDWARD STAFFORD, THIRD DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, eldest son of Henry Stafford, second Duke of Buckingham, was born at Brecknock Castle on 3 Feb. 1477-8. To my principles!". Reginald was present at the treaty negotiations. Birth Country: United Kingdom. More suffered a sharp chest pain, possibly angina, and begged the king to release him from his duties. But polite prevarications only worked for so long and soon More was a genuine courtier, with all its attendant duties and benefits. As a newly elected representative for London in Parliament and an undersheriff in the city, he was deeply involved in public life. Henry still hoped for Mores support. His brother came to the throne in 1509 as Henry VIII, married the widowed Catherine, and in a first flush of goodwill began to repair the damage to Margarets fortunes. Margaret's loyalty was to Katherine of Aragon and to her daughter Princess Mary to whom she was governess and godmother. But if the weather turns nasty you up with an anchor and let it down where there's less wind, and the fishing's better. More essentially argued that communal life is the only way to end the ill effects of self-interest on politics. She was now one of the richest people in England. Margaret Pole was the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, brother to Edward IV, and a leading figure in the Wars of the Roses. Nothing worked. I decided to investigate anemometers, because I wanted to look at different ways of measuring wind speed. For example, as Lord Chancellor, More proclaimed the opinion of the English universities as favorable to the kings annulment. Thomas More is the "Man For All Seasons" in the title of the play. He blundered badly, hacking at Margaret's neck and shoulders until she was dead. Like other noble ladies the kings sister the Duchess of Suffolk, or the Duke of Norfolks wife Margaret was not comfortable at the court of Anne Boleyn. Henry was wise enough to state his case and let it go, for a little while at least. And so he was imprisoned in the Tower of London on 17 April 1534. On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. Margaret Pole was born about four years after her parents had married, and was the first child born after the couple lost their first child on board a ship fleeing to France during the Wars of the Roses. In this first biography of a significant female figure in the male-dominated world of British Tudor politics, Hazel Pierce reconsiders the life and martyrdom of Catholic duchess Margaret Pole against the changing social and political landscape of her times. The Execution of a Duke. Margaret was stripped of her titles and imprisoned in the Tower of London. He dictated letter after letter. His father, Sir Richard Pole, was a cousin of King Henry VII, and his mother, Margaret, countess of . The king financed Richards funeral. But with him away from court there were outside influences on their relationship that neither brother could see coming. The National Archives, minsters' accounts, SC6/HENVIII. Here's how the cast of The Spanish Princess compares to their real-life counterparts, from Catherine to Margaret Pole. Yet even as his legal future seemed assured, More was deeply conflicted about his future. The relationship between the King and Margaret wavered a bit in 1518 when Henry repossessed some of her Salisbury lands saying they belonged to the duchy of Somerset. The threat seemed even greater by 1538, when the two great powers, France and the emperor, signed a peace treaty which left them free to turn their attention to the pariah nation. 28 Little Russell Street It was his great popularity that saved him. The nun sought out eminent supporters, especially those who, like Margaret and like Gertrudes husband, had a claim to the throne, and pressed on them the contents of her visions: unless he went back to his wife and to Rome, Henry would expire in torments. The danger the Tudors saw lay not in the present disposition of the Pole family who vehemently protested their loyalty but in their claim to the throne, and in Reginalds actions while he was out of the jurisdiction. The supposed discovery, six months after her house and effects were searched at her arrest, is likely to have been a fabrication. They had 1 son & 3 daughters: [1] Sir Thomas. Later in life, he bitterly resented her abandonment of him. Most aristocratic women outlived their husbands, and once a woman was widowed she was able to assert her independence and have a say in her family affairs, while cultivating the trope of the defenceless widow in any dealings with the authorities. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 He had an illegitimate son, called Henry Fitzroy, by one of his early mistresses. But by then Lord Montagu was dead, executed along with the Marquis of Exeter and other opponents of the regime. When her husband died in 1505, Margaret became a widow with five children. Margarets uncle Richard of Gloucester became king in 1483 as Richard III, and reinforced young Margaret and Edwards exclusion from the line of succession. Jone Johnson Lewis is a women's history writer who has been involved with the women's movement since the late 1960s. The main character is Joanna Stafford, a Dominican novice. Margaret's only surviving sibling was Edward, Earl of Warwick. This phrase has been interpreted as meaning Edward was of low intelligence; it only means that he was unworldly, and Higginbotham sees this. But time and impatience had made him emphatic in his righteousness. He was not prepared, as he saw it, to imperil his immortal soul by taking the oath that Henry required of all his people, and he died for his belief.. No great European power was willing to commit men or money to this crusade, but their unwillingness was not apparent at the time. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. EXECUTED: 27 MAY 1541. Her maternal grandfather was killed fighting against her uncle, Edward IV, at the Battle of Barnet. Looking to her last end, Margaret commissioned a chantry at Christchurch Priory. More would stand trial for his life. [12] In May 1536, Reginald finally and definitively broke with the king. It was a small mercy. But no one could be sure they were dead, and not escaped abroad, or living under assumed names. This was partly due to Mores intellectual prominence; he was perhaps the most famous Englishman on the continent, with a wide and varied correspondence. More also engaged in a public war of words on the kings behalf with Martin Luther, the father of the Reformation. He did not struggle with the reduction in means, and busied himself with planning a tomb for himself and his wives , as well as defending his faith in various pamphlets. And her gender did not necessarily disqualify her from becoming leader of the opposition if that was what she chose. [6] She remained there until she returned to favour when Henry VIII came to the throne in 1509. The picture was cleaned in 1973, and study suggested that some original features have almost vanished. Columbus, Ohio Area. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. Illustrated statistics ; Map ; Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1 . But to Mores credit, he made an impassioned plea for greater freedom of speech in parliament. But eventually the break between the king and his chief minister could not be ignored. The prestige of her ancient family, her traditionalist stance in religion, and her status as a peer in her own right all these defined a woman who might wish to resist the new order. An Exclusive First Look at Laura Carmichael as Maggie Pole in the Series Finale of The Spanish Princess Watch as she confronts Sir Thomas More. Under interrogation, Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu, and the Marquess had been parties to his correspondence with Reginald. Her brothers royal blood, however, remained a danger. Born on the 14th August 1473, she went on to marry Sir Richard Pole in 1491. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). In the spring of 1536 the Boleyn family were destroyed, and the Pole family and other English grandees grouped themselves about the incoming queen, Jane Seymour. To ease the situation, Margaret devoted her third son, Reginald Pole, to the Church; he was to have an eventful career as a papal Legate and later as Archbishop of Canterbury. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. This is what Margaret is now, besides paper and ink, and the ruins of her palaces: pieces of breastbone and pelvis, a single finger bone and four vertebrae. The countess was to look after the little girls health and diet, ensure that she did not wear herself out in learning French and Latin, and see that her immediate environment was kept spotless, so that everything about her be pure, sweet, clean and wholesome, as to so great a princess doth appertain. When Prince Arthur held court in Ludlow with the 15-year-old Catherine of Aragon, Richard Pole was with him, and a friendship began between the bride and the chamberlains wife which was to outlast Catherines life and have deep and lasting consequences for Margaret Pole. Henry Tudor had the real Warwick in custody, and was able to produce him, so the rebellion came to nothing. Family solidarity, the code of survival, did not mean much to Reginald, brought up under an alien roof; if he were to lose his earthly family, he said, he would still have the fellowship of the saints in paradise. Margaret's own favour at Court varied. Ursula Pole, married Henry Stafford, whose title and lands were lost when his father was executed for treason and attainted, restored to a Stafford title under Edward VI. There have been rumors of an alleged relationship with Lady Margaret (see the White Queen series, for example). We can't imagine how Margaret was feeling, she was 65 years of age when brought to the tower in 1539, an advanced age by the standards of the day. Certainly Henry wanted Mores support. Did she plot against the crown? Margarets whole family had been elevated with her on the wheel of fortune. Her second son, Arthur Pole, had a generally successful career as a courtier, becoming one of the six Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. As widows, or as deputies to living husbands, they handled complex legal and financial affairs with aplomb, while assenting outwardly at least to their status as irrational and inferior beings. In 1876, during restoration work on the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula, the bones of a tall, elderly woman came to light. Henrys adult opponents were dead or driven abroad. This was on 16 May 1532, the date on which the archdiocese of Canterbury, as head of the English clergy, sent a document to Henry VIII in which is promised to never legislate or even convene without royal assent, thus making the king a lay person head of the spiritual order in England. Sir Thomas having continued a Prisoner in the Tower somewhere more than a Twelvemonth, for he was committed about the middle of April 1534, and was brought to his Trial on the 7th of May, 1535. he went into the Court leaning on his Staff, because he was much weakened by his Imprisonment, but appeared with a cheerful and composed Countenance. Margaret and her son, Henry, pressed Arthur's widow to take a vow of perpetual chastity to preserve her inheritance for her Pole children. His months of peace ended in 1533, when he refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn. And why such an obvious and clumsy admission? He blindfolded himself and exhorted the assembled crowd to witness his end in the faith and for the faith of the Catholic Church, the kings good servant but Gods first. Even Mores Protestant enemies did not believe him a traitor; his death was almost universally held to be nothing less than martyrdom. Fortunately for the old cardinal, he died before the king could kill him. Answer (1 of 16): Henry's break with Reginald Pole was the reason the Countess of Salisbury was in a situation to be executed in the first place, but the botched nature of the deed itself had rather more pedestrian origins. Pope Leo XIII beatified her as a martyr for the Roman Catholic Church on 29 December 1886. In The Kings Curse (2014) she was ground up by the great fictionalising machine that is Philippa Gregory, and in 2003 she was the subject of a major biography by Hazel Pierce: Margaret Pole: Loyalty, Lineage and Leadership. Not only did this mean that Margaret came of royal stock, but it meant that she came from the family that was historically opposed to the reign of the Tudors, a fact that would affect her throughout her life. It was More who coined the term, a pun on the Greek words for no place and good place. He died on 8 August 1420. Henry VII had Edward executed, leaving Margaret as the sole survivor of George of Clarence. A Professional theme for architects, construction and interior designers Henry Courtenay och Margaret Pole och fngslades i Towern. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl." Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scots. Thomas More (1478-1535), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by many Catholics as the quintessential good man. He grew up cultivated and cosmopolitan, sensitive, lively-minded. Ursula married into the powerful Stafford family; of Margarets sons, only Reginald did not marry; by the age of seven he was given utterly to God. On 27th May, in 1541 Margaret Pole, niece of Richard III and Edward IV, was executed at the command of Henry VIII. Eleanor was related through marriage to Lady Margaret Beaufort's extended family.) ODNB, which argues that the restoration was a tacit admission of her brother's innocence; however, lands and titles had been restored to the heirs of guilty peers during the previous century. He then disappeared into his private closet, and after an hour, came out as cheerful as before. Margaret Poles death, notoriously, was not a clean end. One of her children, Reginald Pole, would go on to become a cardinal, and then . He was a half-cousin of the first Tudor king, Henry VII; Richard Poles mother was a half-sister of, Reginald Pole, a cardinal and papal diplomat, last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Pole, who went into exile in Europe when accused of conspiracy by Henry VIII. The hands are the standard-issue long-fingered type; a black ribbon, added later, may conceal damage to the paint. To help with her financial situation, she gave one of her sons, Reginald, to the church. Margaret Pole. Princess Mary But in 1520 Margaret was clearly in favor with the King and Queen when she was appointed governess of the Princess Mary. 1 Through his father he was descended from Edward III's son, Thomas of Woodstock, and his mother was Catherine Woodville, sister of Edward IV's queen, Elizabeth Woodville; she afterwards married Henry VII's uncle, Jasper Tudor, Duke of Bedford. A pearl necklace is just a shadow now. Margaret was a daughter of George Plantagenet, 1st Duke of Clarence and Isabella Neville. (Scientists aren't absolutely sure that people register no pain when the head is removed or that they lose consciousness instantaneously.) (1) It was not a bloodbath, but a selective cull, carried through by process of law. It is unlikely she had seen him for many years, but in any case, mourning for a traitor was inadvisable. A Yorkist pretender had been crowned in Dublin, a child who claimed to be the Plantagenet heir, Edward, Earl of Warwick, Margarets 12-year-old brother. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16th century to hold a peerage in her own right. But he himself did not sign the letter in which most of Englands nobles and prelates petitioned the pope to declare the marriage unlawful. In 1529, he represented Henry VIII in Paris, persuading the theologians of the Sorbonne to support Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Buckingham was alleged to have said that the lack of sons to carry on the Tudor line was Gods punishment for the imprisonment and death of the young Earl of Warwick. Then, in good faith, between your grace and me is but this, that I shall die today, and you tomorrow.. And as his own reputation grew in London, he attracted the notice of the all-powerful Cardinal Wolsey. Edward IV declared that Margaret's younger brother, Edward, should be known as Earl of Warwick as a courtesy title, but no peerage was ever created for him. It should be noted that Mores affinity for the monastic life never left him, despite his later marriages, family, and career. The second season of The Spanish Princess premieres on Starz on Sunday, October 11. Margaret, wife of Sir William Harington. That was what really cost her head in the end, but we wanted to . Thomas More worked hard for the king. One does not have to share his religious convictions to appreciate his inner strength and noble character. Her husbands career flourished. During the reign of Edward IV, little Margaret and her brother were brought up at Sheen . Despite such evidence of royal favor, it is likely that More chafed at his service to the king. So yes, the Pole family were cousins to de la Pole family. There are only glimpses of her in these years: my lady Margaret of Clarence. He later characterized this as abandonment by his mother, and bitterly resented it for much of his life, although he became an important figure in the church. Unfortunately, Cardinal Wolsey was unable to secure an annulment for the king. He waited five days before being summoned to the scaffold on Tower Hill. Joan, wife of Roger Swillington. After bearing More three daughters (Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely) and one son (John), Jane died in 1511. She was head of her family, a magnate with vast resources in men and money; any disaffection on her part was dangerous. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. Soon he was acting as Henrys personal secretary and adviser, delivering official speeches, greeting foreign envoys, drafting treaties and other public documents, and composing the kings responses to Wolseys dispatches. * Thomas Stafford (1531-4 May 1557) who was captured and executed for High Treason in Scarborough. Higginbotham is more comfortable with biography, but this has not deterred her publisher from dressing up her new book like a historical novel of the type she doesnt much like, with a moody wash of colour and a woman with trailing skirts and half a head. The 8-episode season follows Catherine of Aragon (Charlotte Hope) and King Henry VIII's (Ruari O'Connor) tumultuous marriage. He was the child Margaret had been carrying when her brother Warwick was executed. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Did she, as the regime alleged, burn the evidence that incriminated her? She began to write for the. Managed all schedules for company and . This was an obvious lie; More had never said anything of the sort to any other visitor, why Rich? Margaret, warned of the threat he represented to her own interests and life, said: I trow he is not so unhappy that he will hurt his mother, and yet I care neither for him, nor for any other, for I am true to my Prince., At this point she was questioned rigorously by Henrys councillor William Fitzwilliam. In 1485, he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Bosworth by Henry Tudor, who succeeded him as Henry VII. As Englands premier intellectual, Mores opinion mattered. Margaret may have been deprived of her dynastic importance, but her marriage was honourable and stable, and she retained her status, if not her familys great titles and wealth. Link will appear as Hanson, Marilee. But not before Lina imparted . We do know that he tried in vain to support the kings position. The boy, born in 1519, was welcome proof to Henry that he could father a son and that his lack of an heir was entirely Katharines fault. Chapuys wrote two weeks after the execution that one hundred and fifty witnesses were present for the execution, including the Lord Mayor of London. She was attended by servants and received an extensive grant of clothing in March 1541. . The queen had suffered a series of miscarriages throughout their marriage; their only surviving child was the Princess Mary. She was a patron of the New Learning, like many Renaissance noblewomen; Gentian Hervet had translated Erasmus' de immensa misericordia Dei (The Great Mercy of God) into English for her. at, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:21. Reginald was the most interesting and talented of Margarets children, and the one to whom she was not close. As part of the investigations into the so-called Exeter Conspiracy, Geoffrey Pole was arrested in August 1538. She was born on the 14th August 1473 and married Sir Richard Pole in 1491, having five children before she was widowed in 1505. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, Margaret became one of her ladies-in-waiting, but her entourage was dissolved when Arthur died in 1502 aged fifteen. During her time in prison, Cromwell himself was executed. Her London palace, Le Herber, stood in a busy mercantile quarter, approximately where Cannon Street Station is now, and she rented out the tenements around as workshops, stables and an inn. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. That was the beginning of Thomas Mores public career, and it was a telling one. Yesterday we travailed with the Lady of Salisbury all day before and after noon, till almost night. Sometimes the questioners were mild, sometimes roughly spoken, traitoring her and her sons to the ninth degree yet will she nothing utter. Margaret continued not uttering, or uttering no proof of treason. Higginbothams narrative begins with this bungled beheading so either the jacket designer was in the dark about the contents, or someone at her publisher has a mordant sense of humour. She spent much of her time at Warblington, where she was nicely placed, in the event of an invasion, to help the rebels against Henry; or so you thought, if you were one of Henrys councillors. As part of the evidence for the bill of attainder, Cromwell produced a tunic bearing the Five Wounds of Christ, symbolizing Margaret's support for the Church of Rome and the rule of her son, Reginald, and the king's Roman Catholic daughter, Mary. Katharine was the kings true wife. Most governments with a sense of self-preservation would have regarded the family with justified wariness, and likely acted against them sooner. His father, Sir thomas more and margaret pole relationship Pole in 1491, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March conflation. 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